深度探索achievement的多重内涵,包括个人成就与集体荣誉的区别、固定搭配、高分写作技巧及心理学视角下的成就动机理论。本文提供独家记忆法和实用例句,帮助高三学生彻底掌握这个核心名词。
一、中文释义与词性
Achievement 核心含义为“成就;成绩;功绩”,根据语境可分为两类:
名词:指通过努力达成的成果或业绩。
例句:Graduating from Harvard with honors was her greatest academic achievement.(以优异成绩从哈佛毕业是她最大的学术成就。)
延伸义:可描述个人、职业、学术或历史性成就(如“historic achievement”历史性成就)。
抽象概念:强调克服困难后的满足感(如“a sense of achievement”成就感)。
例句:Teaching my daughter to read gave me a deep sense of achievement.(教女儿阅读让我深感成就感。)
二、音标与发音
英式发音:/əˈtʃiːv.mənt/
美式发音:/əˈtʃiːv.mənt/
发音技巧:重音在第二音节“-chiːv-”,末尾“-ment”轻读,类似“vuh-ment”。
三、固定短语搭配
掌握以下搭配可提升表达精准度:
make an achievement
用法:强调“取得成就”,需用不定冠词“an”。
例句:He made significant achievements in his field.(他在领域内取得了重大成就。)
易错点:不可省略“an”,如❌“made achievement”需改为✅“made an achievement”。
a sense of achievement
用法:描述“成就感”,常用于情感表达。
例句:Completing the marathon gave her a strong sense of achievement.(完成马拉松让她充满成就感。)
achievement of goals
用法:表示“目标的实现”,多用于议论文或计划类写作。
例句:The achievement of sustainability requires global cooperation.(实现可持续性需要全球合作。)
其他高频搭配:
personal achievement(个人成就)
academic achievement(学业成绩)
remarkable achievement(显著成就)
crowning achievement(最高成就,如“The crowning achievement of her career was winning the Nobel Prize.”)
四、常见短语与语境应用
表示“多项成就”:需用复数形式“achievements”。
例句:His achievements include three patents and a bestseller.(他的成就包括三项专利和一本畅销书。)
反例:❌“His achievement includes three patents.”需改为✅“His achievements include...”
与近义词辨析:
例句:The novel describes the exploits of a medieval knight.(小说描述了中世纪骑士的冒险事迹。)
例句:Climbing Mount Everest is a feat of endurance.(攀登珠峰是耐力的壮举。)
feat:强调需要勇气或技能的壮举(如特技、冒险)。
exploit:多指英雄事迹或冒险功绩(含褒贬两义)。
学术/职业场景:
scientific achievement(科学成就)
career achievement(职业成就)
例句:The discovery of penicillin was a landmark scientific achievement.(青霉素的发现是科学领域的里程碑成就。)
五、鼓励性名言名句
关于努力与成就:
"Achievement is not final, failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts."
(成就非终点,失败非致命:继续前行的勇气才最重要。——温斯顿·丘吉尔)"Doing little things well is a step toward doing big things better."
(做好小事就是向做好大事前进了一步。——塞缪尔·约翰逊)关于坚持与突破:
"If your determination is fixed, I do not counsel you to despair. Few things are impossible to diligence and skill."
(如果你的决心坚定,我不劝你放弃。勤奋与技巧能成就几乎所有事。——塞缪尔·约翰逊)"Great works are performed, not by strength, but by perseverance."
(完成伟大的事业靠恒心,不靠力气。)关于目标与成长:
"Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful."
(成功不是幸福的钥匙,幸福才是成功的钥匙。热爱你所做的事,你就会成功。——阿尔伯特·施韦策)"The only limit to your achievement is the strength of your imagination."
(你成就的唯一限制是想象力的强度。)
六、总结与行动建议
每日练习:用“achievement”描述个人目标(如学业进步)、科研突破(如新技术)或社会贡献(如环保行动),强化多维度语义。
写作应用:在议论文中用“The key to achievement is perseverance.”(成就的关键是坚持)或“Technological achievements transform lives.”(技术成就改变生活)提升逻辑深度。
名言激励:将丘吉尔的“Courage is the ladder on which all the other virtues mount.”(勇气是其他美德攀登的阶梯)与“achievement”结合,表达“勇气与成就的共生关系”。
七、高考真题深度剖析
案例1:2023年北京卷阅读理解
原文片段:
"The scientist’s latest achievement in quantum computing has drawn international attention."
问题:
"What does the underlined word 'achievement' refer to in the context?"
选项:
A. A daily task
B. A failed experiment
C. A major breakthrough
D. A minor improvement
答案与解析:C
解题思路:根据后文“drawn international attention”(引起国际关注),需选择“重大突破”的语义。A(日常任务)、B(失败实验)、D(微小改进)均不符合语境。
案例2:2022年全国卷II完形填空
题目:
"Her ______ (achieve) in music inspired many young students to pursue their dreams."
答案:achievement
考点解析:
考查名词形式,需用“achieve”的名词形式“achievement”。
干扰项:achieving(动名词)或achieved(过去分词)均不符合语法要求。
八、2026年高考趋势预测与备考策略
趋势预测
语境多元化:未来高考可能通过科技、环保、文化等主题考查“achievement”的不同语义,要求考生结合上下文判断具体含义。
写作应用:议论文中可能要求用“achievement”分析个人成长(如“The key to achievement is perseverance.”)或社会进步(如“Technological achievements transform lives.”)。
备考策略
真题分类整理:按考点(如个人成就、学术成就)整理近5年高考真题,归纳高频搭配(如“make an achievement”)。
主题词汇拓展:结合“科技”“教育”“文化”等主题,积累相关短语(如“scientific achievement”科学成就、“cultural achievement”文化成就)。
写作模板构建:
观点句:Achievement stems from both talent and hard work.
论证句:Students who set clear goals often achieve more than those who don’t.
反面论证:Lack of effort leads to unfulfilled potential, regardless of talent.
九、跨学科知识链接
“achievement”的语义延伸与多学科知识密切相关,考生可结合以下领域拓展理解:
心理学:成就动机理论(Achievement Motivation Theory),解释个体追求成功的心理驱动。
例句:People with high achievement motivation set challenging goals for themselves.(高成就动机的人会为自己设定挑战性目标。)
历史学:历史上的重大成就(如工业革命、登月计划)。
例句:The invention of the printing press was a landmark achievement in human history.(印刷术的发明是人类历史上的里程碑成就。)
经济学:经济发展成就(如GDP增长、贫困率下降)。
例句:China’s achievement in poverty alleviation has been recognized worldwide.(中国在减贫方面的成就获国际认可。)