active 和 activity 的区别与用法详解
1. active(形容词)
意思:表示 "活跃的、积极的、主动的",用来描述人或事物的状态或性质。
用法:
作定语:修饰名词,放在名词前
作表语:放在 be 动词或系动词后
例句:
She is an active member of the school English club.
(她是学校英语俱乐部的活跃成员。)We should take an active part in physical exercises.
(我们应该积极参加体育锻炼。)He has an active imagination.
(他有丰富活跃的想象力。)This is an active volcano that erupted last year.
(这是一座去年喷发过的活火山。)
2. activity(名词)
意思:表示 "活动、行动",指具体的动作、行为或有组织的活动,是可数名词,复数形式为 activities。
用法:
可作主语、宾语或表语
常与动词 do, organize, take part in 等搭配
例句:
After-school activities are good for students' development.
(课外活动有利于学生的发展。)We plan to organize some outdoor activities this weekend.
(我们计划这周末组织一些户外活动。)Reading is one of my favorite activities.
(阅读是我最喜欢的活动之一。)The teacher observed the children's activities in the classroom.
(老师观察了孩子们在教室里的活动。)
总结对比
active 是形容词,描述 "活跃的状态"
activity 是名词,指 "具体的活动"
记忆技巧:activity 比 active 多了 "ity" 后缀,而 "ity" 常用来构成名词(如 electric,electricity),这样就容易区分了。
以下是几组和 "active-activity" 类似的词对,都是通过词形变化改变词性和含义的情况,附用法和例句:
1. creative(形容词); creativity(名词)
creative:有创造力的,创造性的
例句:She has a creative mind and often comes up with new ideas.
(她思维富有创造力,经常提出新想法。)creativity:创造力,创造性
例句:Painting can help children develop their creativity.
(绘画能帮助孩子们培养创造力。)
2. productive(形容词); productivity(名词)
productive:多产的,高效的
例句:We had a productive meeting and solved many problems.
(我们开了一个高效的会议,解决了很多问题。)productivity:生产力,工作效率
例句:New technology has greatly improved workplace productivity.
(新技术极大地提高了工作效率。)
3. effective(形容词); effectiveness(名词)
effective:有效的,起作用的
例句:This medicine is effective for treating headaches.
(这种药治疗头痛很有效。)effectiveness:有效性,效果
例句:The effectiveness of the new policy will be tested next month.
(新政策的有效性将在下个月得到检验。)
4. loyal(形容词); loyalty(名词)
loyal:忠诚的,忠心的
例句:A dog is always loyal to its owner.
(狗对主人总是忠心耿耿。)loyalty:忠诚,忠心
例句:His loyalty to the team never changed, even when they lost.
(即使球队输了,他对球队的忠诚也从未改变。)
这些词对的规律是:形容词通常以 "-ive" 结尾,对应的名词常以 "-ivity" 或 "-ty" 结尾,含义上前者描述 "具有某种性质的",后者表示 "这种性质本身"。掌握这种构词规律,有助于扩大词汇量和理解词义。