1. 基础信息
| 单词 | 词性 | 中文意思 | 音标 | 词源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| acquire | 动词(v.) | 获得；习得；购得 | 英 /əˈkwaɪə(r)/；美 /əˈkwaɪər/ | 源自拉丁语 acquirere(to seek for)，由 ad-(向) + quaerere(寻找)组成。 |
| acquisition | 名词(n.) | 获得物；习得；收购 | 英 /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n/；美 /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ | 动词 acquire 的名词形式，后缀 -tion 表示行为或结果。 |
2. 核心用法与例句
acquire(动词)
acquire knowledge 获得知识
acquire skills 掌握技能
acquire a company 收购公司
常见搭配：
原创例句：
She acquired fluency in French through years of study.
翻译：她通过多年的学习掌握了流利的法语。The disease is acquired through contact with contaminated water.
翻译：这种疾病通过接触受污染的水而感染。acquisition(名词)
language acquisition 语言习得
strategic acquisition 战略收购
make an acquisition 进行收购
常见搭配：
原创例句：
The acquisition of new vocabulary is essential for language learners.
翻译：新词汇的习得对语言学习者至关重要。The company’s latest acquisition was a tech startup valued at $1 billion.
翻译：该公司最新的收购对象是一家估值10亿美元的科技初创企业。
3. 高考真题回顾
2021年上海卷 语法填空：
"The museum’s recent acquisition of a Renaissance painting attracted worldwide attention."
解析：考查名词形式，强调“博物馆获得的画作”这一结果。2019年天津卷 完形填空：
"She acquired a reputation for honesty in her business dealings."
解析：考查动词形式，强调“通过行为获得声誉”。
4. 原创选择题与解析
He ______ a new language quickly by immersing himself in the culture.
A. acquired
B. acquisition
C. acquiring
D. acquisitive
答案：A
解析：acquired是动词过去式，符合“通过沉浸学习获得语言”的语境；acquisition是名词，不能作谓语。The company’s latest ______ was a competitor in the same industry.
A. acquire
B. acquired
C. acquisition
D. acquisitively
答案：C
解析：acquisition是名词，符合“公司收购竞争对手”的表达；acquired是形容词或过去分词，不能直接作主语。Her ______ of French cuisine impressed the chefs at the international competition.
A. acquire
B. acquisitive
C. acquiring
D. acquisition
答案：D
解析：acquisition是名词，符合“她对法国美食的掌握”这一表达；acquisitive是形容词，意为“贪婪的”，与语境不符。
5. 扩展知识
近义词辨析：
单词 侧重点 例句 acquire 通过努力或过程获得(知识、技能、资产) He acquired wealth through hard work. obtain 通过正式或授权方式获得(证书、许可) She obtained a driver’s license. gain 通过努力获得利益或进步(如体重、经验) He gained experience from the project. 常见误区：
❌ He acquisition a new skill.(错误：缺少动词)
✅ He acquired a new skill.
❌ The acquire of the company was successful.(错误：名词形式错误)
✅ The acquisition of the company was successful.
6. 文化背景
语言习得理论：
在语言学中，language acquisition(语言习得)指儿童通过自然环境无意识地掌握语言的过程，而language learning(语言学习)则指通过课堂有意识地学习语法和词汇。例如：
"Children acquire language faster than adults because their brains are more adaptable."
(儿童比成人更快掌握语言，因为他们的大脑更具适应性。)
7. 英文至理名言
“We acquire the strength we have overcome.”
——Ralph Waldo Emerson(拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生)
翻译：我们通过克服困难获得力量。“The only limit to our realization of tomorrow is our doubts of today.”
——Franklin D. Roosevelt(富兰克林·D·罗斯福)
翻译：实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。
